International disciplines on subsidies: the GATT, the WTO and the future agenda

Article Abstract:

Government subsidies may be politically necessary for domestic policy, but they can create problems in terms of international trade conditions. The GATT Uruguay Round Subsidies Agreement produced a workable definition of a subsidy, created a non-actionable subsidies' category, clarified countervailing duty investigation rules and the export subsidies prohibition, and articulated a trade effects standard enforced by a serious prejudice multilateral mechanism.

Author: Collins-Williams, Terry, Salembier, Gerry
Analysis, World Trade Organization, Subsidies

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The interpretation of schedules of commitments

Article Abstract:

The character of schedules of commitments is studied with regard to the process of their negotiation and conclusion and the absence of a specific classification of treaties in general international law. Aside from definition of a 'treaty' in Article 2(1)(a) Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) to schedules, alternative qualifications of schedules are discussed.

Author: Van Damme, Isabelle
United States

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Subjects list: Interpretation and construction, Commercial treaties, Trade agreements
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