Article Abstract:
It may be typical to characterize modernism as masculinizing fiction and thus elevating it to high art. However, it is just as typical to appreciate this particular process as one where writers transformed feminine content into masculine form. It is argued that masculinity is not something authors bring to their materials. Modernism is unique in the way it adapts the abstract language of form and relates it to the figure of the author. This is illustrated in an analysis of three literary publications.
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Article Abstract:
Some define self-respect as an individual being treated as an equal human by other person, while others base self-esteem upon the evaluation of one's achievement. An exploration of three texts, "Michi", by Chin Kasen, "Honryu' by O Shoyu, and ''No-No Boy" by John Okada reveals that under threat of exclusion, minorities compensated by following the white supremacist attitudes that discriminated against them.
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Article Abstract:
An examination of how Haruki Murakami, a Japanese novelist whose books are full of Western literary and pop-cultural references and icons, deals with issues of masculinity and national character in opposition to an entity that is not Western but Asian. Murakami's work is popular in China as his works prevent its first-person male protagonist from being fully Japanese and completely masculine.
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