Article Abstract:
Patrick O'Donnell claims that current historicism exagerates the importance of the power of cultural pressures in his criticism of 'American Fiction in the Cold War.' However, it is impossible for writers' works to be unaffected by conditions that affect authors and readers. 'American Fiction' aims to point out the social relevance integrated in the stories through intertextuality which reveals social texts that are invisible to readers concerned only with authors' intentions and calculated allusions.
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Article Abstract:
Charlotte Bronte's 'Villette' is analyzed using Michel Foucault's ideas on surveillance and society. The novel's heroine is the observer who spies on others and is imprisoned in societal, personal and emotional chains. Her invisibility is tantamount to power beccause she can observe. Yet she is enclosed by what she can see and observe. The self-disciplining or policing of one's actions is alsoanalyzed. These ideas are said to run through nineteenth-century fiction.
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Article Abstract:
The erotic significance of the 'tribal things' which Ernest Hemingway tried to manifest in 'The Garden of Eden' has been suggested in his earlier works. By studying his works, three themes have been isolated: search for truth and how to express it, interest in the darker and primitive races and a curiosity about transgressive sexuality. These themes are analyzed as they appear in the writings of Hemingway.
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