Article Abstract:
A security interest in a computer program copyright can be perfected by filing with the federal Copyright Office. Article 9 of the U.C.C. contains conflicting language, however, that needs to be clarified by legislation establishing a federal filing system. The decision in Peregrine Entertainment Ltd. v. Capitol Federal Savings & Loan Assn of Denver indicates that Article 9 of the U.C.C. does not cover security interests that are adequately handled under a federal filing system. Until clarifying legislation is enacted, however, it is safer to use both filing systems.
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Article Abstract:
Legal protections for computer programs in Puerto Rico are vested in both the US federal laws that govern copyright and patents as well as local laws on trademark, unfair competition and trade secrets. Puerto Rico is unique among US jurisdictions in its recognition of moral rights in intellectual property, and criminal sanctions are available under the territory's Penal Code. Puerto Rico has not expressly adopted the Uniform Trade Secrets Act of 1979, but most trade secret and trademark law in comparable to protections in US states.
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Article Abstract:
Ireland adopted the European Union's Directive on the Legal Protection of Computer Programs through implementing regulations in 1993 on the copyright of computer software. Trademark, patent and breach of confidence laws may also be applicable. Little case law has developed in the scope of these laws, but UK case law indicates that European Union competition law may serve to limit intellectual property protections. Refusal to license copyrights in software or other property can constitute misuse of dominant position in a market.
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