Economic, statistical, and linguistic factors affecting success on the test of English as a foreign language (TOEFL)

Article Abstract:

Analysis of factors affecting test of English as a foreign language (TOEFL) results reveals that two are economic in nature, one is statistical and the other is linguistic. The extent of classroom English instruction can be proxied by GDP per capita while the daily exposure to English may be proxied by the share of exports in GDP. The statistical variable is the percentage of TOEFL candidates in the population while the linguistic variable is the Index of Historical Relatedness to English.

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Is statistical discrimination socially efficient?

Article Abstract:

An analysis of the application of statistical discrimination in the study of labor markets is presented. The analysis follows earlier research which conclude that the presence of imperfect information in such economies leads to welfare settings. It is shown that such discrimination exacerbates allocative inefficiencies under slack or tight labor market conditions. In addition, no exchange was observed between statistical discrimination's efficiency and equity effects.

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Marketing an upgrade to a system: Compatibility choice as a price discrimination device

Article Abstract:

Ways of marketing an upgrade for an established system are considered when both the innovator's and a rival's technological platforms are available.

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