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Retail distribution channel barriers to international trade

Article Abstract:

Vertical restraints on trade can affect international trade by restricting access of one country's manufacturers to retail distribution channels of another country. The efforts of German and Japanese auto makers to gain entry in the US market and later of Kodak to break Fuji's monopolistic grip on the photographic film market in Japan provide instructive examples. They demonstrate that vertical restraints on international trade may exceed the regulatory capacity of international trade bodies.

International aspects, Restraint of trade, Vertical markets

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The harmonization of competition laws worldwide

Article Abstract:

The need for substantive harmonization of competition laws throughout the world is discussed. Topics include conflicting social objectives, transparency of law review, the problem of combined prosecution and judging, and appeals by independent tribunals.

Management, Evaluation, Competition (Economics), Antitrust law (International law), Harmonization of laws

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So you want to be an international financial center ... are you prepared to spit in the giant's eye?

Article Abstract:

The author discusses the conflict between US policy which attempts to limit or prevent banking confidentiality and those in other countries which promote such confidentiality.

Fraud, Confidential communications, International financial institutions, Bank secrecy

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