Removal of chest drains

Article Abstract:

Chest drains are inserted to allow the removal of air, blood or fluids from the thoracic cavity and prevent them from re-entering and the decision to remove a drain is usually made by a medical practitioner. In areas such as cardiothoracic surgery, protocols may be used to direct removal by other professionals once criteria have been met and these criteria's include, absence of an air leak into the chest drain bottle, volume of fluid draining into the chest drain is minimal, no coagulation deficit or increased risk of bleeding, no evidence of respiratory compromise or failure.

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Subcutaneous injection

Article Abstract:

Drugs administered through the subcutaneous (SC) route are deposited into the fatty layer of tissue just beneath the skin, where there is little blood flow. Drugs that may be administered this route include insulin, hormones and various heparin preparations.

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Measuring PEFR

Article Abstract:

Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is the highest rate at which gas can be expelled from the lungs through an open mouth. The factors influencing PEFR, patient preparation, and the equipped required are presented.

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