Presenting statistical uncertainty in trends and dose-response relations

Article Abstract:

Statistical uncertainty can be seen in trends and dose-response relationships. It is common practice to express all effects relative to a baseline or reference level when estimating effects of a polytomous exposure, but some authors have challenged the practice. Alternatives, including the floating absolute risk method, are reviewed and plotting or tabulating confidence limits for points on a flexible curve fitted to the uncategorized data is suggested to deal with shortcomings all methods have when exposure is continuous.

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Random-effects meta-analyses are not always conservative

Article Abstract:

The use of random effects versus fixed effects in epidemiological estimates is discussed. Summary estimates may not be appropriate in all cases, as explained in the article.

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Controls who experienced hypothetical causal intermediates should not be excluded from case-control studies

Article Abstract:

Controls who experienced hypothetical causal intermediates are discussed with the assertion that they should not be excluded from case-control studies.

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