Associations between physical activity and physical fitness in American children

Article Abstract:

Although regular physical activity is known to have significant health benefits for adults, few studies have fully explored this issue in children. Previous studies have found that over 20 percent of children in this country do not meet the recommended fitness standards. Other national studies that have been conducted have examined only the physical fitness of children, without taking into account their level of physical activity. To ascertain the relationship between levels of physical activity and physical fitness, a large national sampling of boys and girls aged eight to nine years old was studied. Two fitness tests, the 1.6-km run/walk and the sum of three skinfold measurements (which measure body fat), were used. Parent and teacher questionnaires were also utilized to assess 20 physical activity variables such as extent of participation in physical education classes and community activities such as Cub Scouts and sports leagues. Two multiple regression analyses were used on data from 1,150 boys and 1,202 girls who were a part of the National Children and Youth Fitness Study II. The results indicate a moderate, but significant, correlation between levels of physical activity and physical fitness in the children. These findings have important implications for public health specialists and teachers. Introduction of physical activity intervention programs may enhance the physical fitness of children, and such programs should be examined further. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

author: Pate, Russell R., Dowda, Marsha, Ross, James G.
Evaluation, Children, Physical fitness, Exercise, Exercise for children, Sports for children, Children's sports, Physical fitness for children, Activity programs (Education), Activity programs in education

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Predicting lower-extremity injuries among habitual runners

Article Abstract:

Habitual runners were recruited from a list of individuals wishing to be notified of road races in the state of South Carolina. Each selected individual was mailed a consent form and a questionnaire that requested information on present and past running history. Runners agreeing to participate were sent a monthly running log and newsletter. Injury, for purposes of this study, was defined as a problem that caused a change in running behavior, a visit to a physician or the use of medication. From the data provided a measure of body conformation, the body mass index, was calculated and correlated with injury. During the year-long study, 252 men (52 percent) and 48 women (49 percent) reported injuries. The most significant predictor of running-related injury was running 40 or more miles per week. There was also a strong likelihood of injury if an injury had been sustained during the previous year. The data reveal that novice runners and seasoned runners experience approximately the same rate of injury. However, the lowest rate of injury was among men who had been running for the greatest period of time. The findings of this study are in conformity with the other studies.

author: Macera, Caroline A., Craven, Timothy E., Powell, Kenneth E., Pate, Russell R., Kendrick, Juliette S., Jackson, Kirby L.
Research, Injuries, Running, Runners (Sports)

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Women and smoking: an update for the 1990s

Article Abstract:

Physicians can play an important role in advising their female patients about the risks of smoking and suggesting strategies to stop smoking. Smoking among women appears to be quite prevalent with 14.6% of pregnant women and 23.1% of all women reporting to be smokers. Stopping smoking can have a beneficial effect on a woman's overall health. Effective strategies to stop smoking include nicotine replacement treatment, behavior modification techniques, and encouragement from a number of different sources including doctors. Resources are available for doctors to help their patients to quit smoking.

author: Merritt, Robert K., Kendrick, Juliette S.
Methods, Women, Smoking cessation programs, Smoking cessation, Smokers, Smoking

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subjects list: Health aspects
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