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Opposition in South Africa

Article Abstract:

South African political traditions, reflected in the constitution of 1996, provided opportunities for limited parliamentary and judicial opposition even under apartheid. Development of a dynamic civil society has also fostered political opposition in the country. The formation of an inclusive government of national unity by Nelson Mandela has constrained opposition by coopting the African National Congress' (ANC) most significant political competitors. Continued political fragmentation and the long-term prospect of ANC one-party rule may further hamper evolution of South Africa's political opposition.

Management, South Africa, Political parties, Mandela, Nelson

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Opposition in the Middle East and North Africa

Article Abstract:

Opposition in the Arab countries of North Africa and the Middle East generally revolves around Islam, because in those societies citizens' relationships with the Islamic community are almost always stronger than their ties to either government or state. Civil society is usually more influential than political society. Public opposition frequently centers upon the issues of regime legitimacy and social justice, while policy-based disputes and other political conflicts tend to be resolved out of the public eye. The main opposition force present in the region is Islamic fundamentalism.

Social aspects, Middle East, Islam and politics, Islam, Northern Africa, Arab countries

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