Article Abstract:
Underground space policies are imperative to the effective use of underground storage and transportation of wastes and water. Policies have to account for such factors as the geology of potential traverse lines of conveyor belt tunnels for wastes, potential for excessive fractures during excavations, and other zoning and geotechnical hazards to prevent any damage to conveyor lines or the spilling of toxic wastes. A management system that supervises the complex web of conduits is likewise required.
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Article Abstract:
An overview is presented on the social, political, and economic effects produced by natural disasters, focusing on events from 1997 and 1998. Topics include population geography, climate changes, risks posed by aging infrastructures and increasing development of marginal lands.
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Article Abstract:
An overview is presented on risk assessment, using as an example recent concerns over the effects of chemical pollution on water-supply quality. Topics include in vitro gene arrays to test impacts at the molecular level.
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