Application of ecological indicators

Article Abstract:

Ecological indicators are mainly used to assess the condition of the environment, as early-warning signals of ecological problems, and as barometers for trends in ecological resources. A study examines the ways in which ecological indicators can be integrated with the broader issues of ecosystem health, and ultimately with economic indicators, to be more useful for making policy decisions.

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Ecological impacts of deer overabundance

Article Abstract:

Shifts in habitat conditions and levels of predation have boosted deer population growth in many temperate ecosystems, leading to a worldwide overabundance. The effects of overabundant deer on human health, forestry, and agriculture are discussed, and the various methods used to evaluate how deer affect tree seedlings, shrubs, and herbaceous plants are presented.

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Ecological effects of transgenic crops and the escape of transgenes into wild populations

Article Abstract:

Several ecological risks associated with the release of transgenic crops have been discussed, including nontarget effects of the crop and the escape of transgenes into wild populations. Nontarget effects can be of two types such as unintended negative effects on species that do not reduce yield and greater persistence of the crop in feral populations.

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