Improving pipeline safety

Article Abstract:

The use of one-call systems, line markers, marker tapes, concrete barriers, thicker pipe walls, deeper burial depths, public education and right-of-way inspection and maintenace are some of the steps that can be undertaken to prevent third-party damage to pipelines. On the other hand, external pipeline corrosion can be controlled through external coatings, impressed-current or cathodic protection systems, close-interval cathodic protection surveys, 'smart pigs,' and regular hydrostatic testing.

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Integrate business systems with batch manufacturing

Article Abstract:

The International Society for Measurement and Control, an organization based in Research Triangle Park, NC, is close to perfecting the industry standards needed to automate batch processing in manufacturing. The availability of faster but less expensive computers has helped immensely in the development of the S88 and S95 standards. The new standards are now capable of being fully integrated into a factory-control system.

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Refurbishing worn-out heat exchangers

Article Abstract:

The replacement and maintenance of leaking or malfunctioning heat exchangers requires establishment of the problem's root cause before temporary or permanent solutions are considered. Such an analysis must consider operating mode, failed tube conditions and other possible failure mechanisms. Problems can also be caused by corrosion, inferior welding and thermal processes.

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