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A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition

Article Abstract:

This overview of hidden Markov models (HMMs) introduces the mathematical foundations, functioning, and the three central problems of this form of stochastic signal modeling. The HMM class of statistical models are highly useful for the modeling of signals, particularly speech recognition. The solution of the three central problems of the HMM process is important to the use of HMMs in speech recognition. Those problems are the determination of the probability of a sequence of observations for a given HMM, the determination of the best sequence of model states, and the adjustment of model parameters for a given signal. Details of the development, validation and application of HMMs to speech recognition are described. Particular problems in speech recognition are solved with HMMs.

Systems analysis, Speech recognition, Modeling, Data modeling software, System Design, Applications, Voice Recognition, Markov Process

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Variable structure control of nonlinear multivariable systems: a tutorial

Article Abstract:

The design of variable structure control (VSC) systems for a class of multivariable nonlinear time varying systems is presented in a tutorial manner. VSC design is described in a unified manner by the use of the Utkin-Drazenovic method of equivalent control and generalized Lyapunov stability concepts. Several approaches useful in overcoming these complications are developed after examining those that arise due to multiple inputs. The kinship of VSC and the deterministic approach to the control of uncertain systems and other recent developments are investigated. Numerical examples illustrate all points and recent VSC applications literature is reviewed.

Control systems, Control Structures

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A Tutorial on Computer-Aided Analysis of Switched-Capacitor Circuits

Article Abstract:

Switched-capacitor (SC) circuits have become very popular since they are fully integrated using MOS technology. An MOS SC Circuit consists of periodically operated switches, capacitors and op-amps. A computer-aided analysis of switched- capacitor circuits is presented here. In the analysis a great deal of emphasis is placed on the formulation techniques. A diagram shows a typical process of switched-capacitor circuit analysis.

Integrated circuits, Circuit design, Computer aided design, Design, Capacitors, Analysis, Computer-Aided Design, MOS Integrated Circuits, Circuitry, Switching, Methods

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