Article Abstract:
The German government introduced changes to the higher education framework law in 1998. Some observers have suggested the reforms failed to make changes in some important areas, such as the employment of professors and the right of universities to choose their students. Reforms of the higher education system were necessary because 40% of students were dropping out of university before completing their degrees. Degrees also took an average of seven years to complete. As a response to the reforms some BA and MA courses have been introduced along with extra funds for successful institutions.
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Article Abstract:
Many higher education institutions in the UK have realised that some form of accreditation is necessary for their teaching staff. In the past subject knowledge was deemed to be sufficient, but student demands and quality appraisals are leading to accreditation programmes. A scheme has been developed to ensure that lecturers meet national standards of teaching performance. They must use varied teaching methods, understand the learning process and meet eight objectives and seven values.
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Article Abstract:
The creation of universities from what were previously polytechnics has led to hopes that they will continue to increase access to higher education. They have led to greater numbers of mature students and those studying part-time. Vocational courses have been a particular strength, and student numbers have increased tenfold since 1970. The new universities will be seeking more funding, as they have received less in the past than the older institutions, particularly research funds.
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