The changing process of internationalisation in the European Union

Article Abstract:

Internationalization in the European retail sector has progressed rapidly in the post-Cold War era. Unfortunately, no exhaustive and universal definition for the process exists. Complicating matters are the emergence of free trade areas (FTA) such as the Single European Market. The increasing importance of FTAs is expected to debunk traditional perceptions of internationalism.

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Reciprocal retail internationalisation: the Southland Corporation, Ito-Yokado and 7-Eleven convenience stores

Article Abstract:

Ito-Yokado Co. Ltd. and Seven-Eleven Japan Co. Ltd.'s acquisition of Southland Corp. is an excellent example of reciprocal retail internationalization. The Japanese firms have improved the convenience store concept via technology and advanced systems. The new model of convenience stores is being introduced in the US to boost Southland's performance.

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Towards a taxonomy of international retail alliances

Article Abstract:

International retail alliances are a relatively new phenomena, particularly in Europe. They offer several advantages, such as procurement in specific product areas, promotional skills, systems and technology skills and rapid international growth. An eight-component loose-tight hierarchy of alliance types is presented.

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