Article Abstract:
In 1994, total turnover of franchised chains in France was estimated at 186 billion French Francs (FFr), up from FFr143 billion in 1990. Of the total, 80% is made up by retail franchises. There are some 450 franchisors, with around 25,700 franchisees. France is claimed to be Europe's leader in franchising. Details of the franchise contract are given, along with an overview of the franchise market, details of leading franchises, company profiles, charges, advertising and forecasts for the future.
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Article Abstract:
In December 1995, Spain boasted a total of 395 franchisable trademarks, up from 235 in 1994; representing a total of 14,000 outlets. The figure does not include franchise operations in the self-service grocery sector. Franchised outlets are estimated to make up 3% of the retail market, valued at around 500,000 million Pesetas. Details of leading franchise operations are given, including terms of franchise contracts, and brief profiles of franchise trademarks.
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Article Abstract:
There are around 50 foreign concerns involved in franchised retailing in Italy, which has the fourth-largest franchised retail sector in Europe. There were around 18,500 franchised retail outlets in 1994, and the sector is expected to continue to expand. The non-specialist food trade accounts for almost half of the total sales made by franchised retailers.
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