Article Abstract:
From a review of previous theoretical and empirical research in corporate illegal activity and top management team (TMT) characteristics, we develop several propositions that suggest a relationship between the two. TMT characteristics such as length of service, functional background, formal business education, age, and military service, as well as homogeneity in each of these characteristics, are hypothesized to neutralize or enhance relationships between context and corporate illegal activity. Implications of the proposed relationships and their limitations are also discussed. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
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Article Abstract:
Based on a review of previous theoretical and empirical research on environmental measurement, we develop a framework to explain both causes and consequences of divergence between archival and perceptual measures of the environment. Through this framework, we identify two central factors that account for this divergence: level of analysis and mediating filters. Research implications of this divergence between archival and perceptual characterizations are presented. Theoretical and methodological suggestions are advanced to improve the use of environmental measures. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
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Article Abstract:
The boundaryless corporate organization has been described as one where internal and external boundaries of a firm are more flexible and permeable. Modular and virtual models refer to approaches where the firm's external boundaries are broken down, while a barrier-free organization has removed practically all boundary types. The manner by which organizations establish their boundaries is conditioned by the primary and support activities that define its value chain.
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