Article Abstract:
Multinational enterprises (MNEs) serve as catalysts for reconceptualizing organization-environment relations because they operate simultaneously in multiple nations. We argue that subsidiaries of MNEs face dual pressures: They are pulled to achieve isomorphism with the local institutional environment, and they also face an imperative for consistency within the organization. We develop hypotheses regarding the factors that influence the structures and processes of MNEs. Based on an examination of the pressures imposed on MNEs, we offer a refined concept of organizational environments as complex and fluid, and we suggest implications for future research in organization theory. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)
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Article Abstract:
When a domestic firm elects to begin operating in a foreign country, new perspective and strategies by management are in order. Many new and often complex factors must be dealt with. Four strategies that can make internationalization feasible are explained. Several considerations in determining the makeup of the multinational structure are explored. The critical importance of the strategy-structure combination is explained. This presents a format intended as a guide rather than a precise set of rules.
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Article Abstract:
A cross-disciplinary approach is used to model the transnational transfer of business practices within multinational business enterprises. It is then shown that transfer success is influenced by factors at three levels: the individual, the organization and the country. The impact of these factors is also shown to be shaped by the relational, organizational and social embeddedness of the transfer process within the multinational organization.
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