Article Abstract:
Results of a study of the decision processes within organizational structures are presented. Decision making metaphors surrounding a hospital's capital equipment budgets are considered. It is demonstrated that metaphors contribute to theory building. Rival models of organizational decision making are synthesized. A literature review yields four decision-making metaphors. These are termed judgement, computation, negotiation and inspiration. Four theoretical models for hospital decision-making are identified. These are clinical, fiscal, political and strategic. Implications for decision theory are noted.
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Article Abstract:
Organizations tend to go through recognizable stages in their life cycles. Each stage has its own characteristic power structure, attitudes and behavior patterns. A chart shows the evolutionary development. As an organization matures its power system becomes more diffused and less functional. It also becomes less objective and more self- serving. It reaches a peak in its services to society, then begins a decline. The process is influenced by the collective attitudes of society and there may be no way to control or change it.
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Article Abstract:
When a domestic firm elects to begin operating in a foreign country, new perspective and strategies by management are in order. Many new and often complex factors must be dealt with. Four strategies that can make internationalization feasible are explained. Several considerations in determining the makeup of the multinational structure are explored. The critical importance of the strategy-structure combination is explained. This presents a format intended as a guide rather than a precise set of rules.
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