cAMP-dependent protein kinase A and the dynamics of epithelial cell surface domains: moving membranes to keep in shape

Article Abstract:

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/ cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA)- mediated signaling routes are significant in supporting the motility, survival, proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells. An analysis of the progressive development about the role of cAMP/PKA in regulating the intracellular membrane trafficking with respect to the dynamics of epithelial surface domains is presented.

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Scaffold proteins in MAP kinase signaling: More than simple passive activating platforms

Article Abstract:

A study to shortly summarize the well-established basic functions of Scaffold in yeast highlight concepts emerging from studies in yeast and higher eukaryotes was conducted. The results discuss how scaffolds conformational changes of bound kinase or substrate, by controlling the localization of activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the extent and output of MAPK activation.

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Non-kinase second-messenger signaling: new pathways with new promise

Article Abstract:

Second messenger molecules function as activators of dedicated protein kinases that, in turn, activate downstream kinase cascades. The four-prototypical second messengers such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), diacylglycerol (DAG) and calcium are described.

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