cAMP activates MAP kinase and Elk-1 through a B-Raf- and Rap1-dependent pathway

Article Abstract:

Molecular biological techniques were performed to study the factors affecting cell growth, differentiation and gene expression. The results showed that cAMP can activate the transcription factor Elk-1 and induce neuronal differentiation of PC12 cultured cells through its activation of the MAP kinase. Such activation of the MAP kinase was observed to be an extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)-dependent but Ras-independent signal transduction pathway.

User Contributions:

Comment about this article or add new information about this topic:

Comment:  (50-4000 characters)

Name:

E-mail:

Security Code:

Novel disease resistance specificities result from sequence exchange between tandemly repeated genes at the Cf-4/9 locus of tomato

Article Abstract:

The Cf genes in tomatoes are responsible for resistance against Cladosporidium fulvum. There are several copies of this gene and 11 of these copies were analyzed for amino acid composition. Results revealed seven hypervariable amino acid residues in the leucine-rich domain. The predicted structure of the protein exposes these residues to the solvent. Further analysis of this domain reveals selection for sequence diversification.

User Contributions:

Comment about this article or add new information about this topic:

Comment:  (50-4000 characters)

Name:

E-mail:

Security Code:

The tomato gene Pti1 encodes a serine/threonine kinase that is phosphorylated by Pto and is involved in the hypersensitive response

Article Abstract:

The phosphorylation cascade induced by phosphorylation of the tomato Pto-interacting 1 (Pti1) protein kinase by Pto induces the hypersensitive response (HR). Pti1 expressed in tobacco plants increases HR in response to an avirulence gene. Pti1 is a serine/threonine kinase and acts downstream of Pto. It is unable to phosphorylate Pto or Fen, a related kinase. The HR confers gene-for-gene disease resistance to the plants.

User Contributions:

Comment about this article or add new information about this topic:

Comment:  (50-4000 characters)

Name:

E-mail:

Security Code: