Pseudomonas synringae phytotoxins: mode of action, regulation, and biosynthesis by peptide and polyketide synthetases

Article Abstract:

Some of the most well-characterized bacterial phytotoxins are those generated by the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. P synringae induces a range of symptoms on plants, such as leaf spots, blights and gals. Results of genetic studies have revealed the mechanisms promoting toxin biosynthesis. In addition, syringomycin gene clusters have been depicted and shown to be useful for constructing modified polyketides and peptides.

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Diversifying carotenoid biosynthetic pathways by directed evolution

Article Abstract:

Researchers have mixed, matched, and mutated carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes and screened libraries of thee evolved pathways for the emergence of new carotenoid products. The strategies and specific methods that are employed to generate new carotenoid biosynthetic pathways in the laboratory are discussed.

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Evolution of structure in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

Article Abstract:

A structure-based phylogeny of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases is presented. It reveals that the evolutionary history of the proteins is constructed by using structural alignments of all of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases of known structure in combination with a new measure of structural homology.

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