Article Abstract:
An experimental evolution approach is taken to examine the relationship between cuticular melanisation and immune effector systems in the haemocoel of the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor. The result reveals that haemocyte density and pre-immune challenge activity of phenoloxidase (PO) are significantly higher in selection lines of black beetles compared to tan lines.
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Article Abstract:
The genetic basis of species-specific genital morphologies in carabid beetles was analyzed. Results revealed that inheritance of genital morphology is polygenic and that the additive genetic effect accounts for most interspecific differences in genital traits but dominance and epistatic genetic effects also play roles.
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Article Abstract:
The genetic, developmental, endocrine, and ecological basis of beetle horns, a morphological novelty that shows remarkable diversity both below and above the species level, is discussed. Beetle horns present increasing insight into the interplay between conservation and innovation in the origins of novel diversity.
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