Human cell type diversity, evolution, development, and classification with special reference to cells derived from the neural crest

Article Abstract:

The artificial classification technique and empirical method are explored for organizing different cell types. The artificial classification provides compelling and independent support for the neural crest as the fourth germ layer, while the empirical approach permits the evaluation of cell type evolution suggesting a correlation between the developmental and evolutionary origin of a cell.

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The evolution of egg color and patterning in birds

Article Abstract:

Avian eggs differ so much in their colour and patterning from species to species that any attempt to account for this diversity might initially seem doomed to failure. A critical review of the literature which, when combined with the results of some comparative analyses, suggests that just a few selective agents could explain much of the variation in egg appearance is presented.

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The evolution of intelligence: adaptive specializations versus general process

Article Abstract:

Research into differences in intelligence between animal species is presented. The paper argues that animal intelligence has evolved through general associative processes and not via adaptation to ecological niches.

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