Heterogeneous X inactivation in trophoblastic cells of human full-term female placentas

Article Abstract:

Methylation of the androgen receptor in a human full-term placenta is specific for trophoblastic cells, and the X chromosome can be of paternal origin or maternal origin. Methylation status of the polymorphic androgen-receptor gene has been studied using PCR in full-term human female placentas. Sites investigated are methylated specifically on the inactive X chromosome. No methylation was seen in microdissected stromal tissue of the placenta or umbilical cord. X inactivation was preferentially maternal in three of nine placentas for which two closely apposed samples were studied. In one it was preferentially paternal and in five heterogeneous. Two others had regions with balanced preferentially maternal and preferentially paternal X inactivation.

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Organizing chordates with an organizer

Article Abstract:

The analysis results of the expression of several organizer-specific genes in amphioxus together with phylogenetic data that reversed the position of invertebrate extant chordates are presented.

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Physical exercise-induced hypoglycemia caused by failed silencing of monocarboxylate transporter 1 in pancreatic [beta] cells

Article Abstract:

A novel disease mechanism based on the failure of cell-specific transcriptional silencing of a gene that is highly expressed in other tissues is described.

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