Article Abstract:
The signaling molecule hedegehog (hh) regulates the expression of other signaling molecules such as wnt, fibroblast growth factors and transforming growth factor-beta. The protein Hh yields two peptides on autoproteolysis, which have specific characteristics that facilitate long- and short-range signaling effects. The maintenance of wingless expression by adjacent cells in the ventral epidermis of Drosophila is one of the short-term effects of hh. Hh protein opposes the action of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory system, controlling the expression of secondary signals.
User Contributions:
Comment about this article or add new information about this topic:
Article Abstract:
Drosophila and human blood systems have several similar features. They both carry oxygen to all tissues to promote immunity and re-use dying cells. They also promote clotting while acting like a blood-like carrier system for all materials except respiratory gases. Moreover, Drosophila and human blood systems have similar defense response mechanisms. Drosophila immune response are associated with molecules homologous to components of the NF-KB pathway while the innate immune response is correlated with determinant recognition.
User Contributions:
Comment about this article or add new information about this topic:
Article Abstract:
Studies on negative feedback mechanisms are anticipated to advance novel information concerning the pattern formation of multicellular organisms. Two types of mechanisms can be determined based on the way they function in a cell-autonomous or non-cell autonomous way. One of the major issues in understanding the biological roles of negative feedback mechanism is the characterization of their thresholds for inhibitor induction.
User Contributions:
Comment about this article or add new information about this topic: