HIF-1, O(sub)2, and the 3 PHDs: how animal cells signal hypoxia to the nucleus

Article Abstract:

Research findings demonstrate a direct regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 by oxygen, which relates to the earlier finding that cellular oxygen concentration changes directly affect gene expression. The hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is involved in the pathogenesis of cancer and hypoxic pulmonary hypertension but protects against the ischemia and infarction.

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Signaling takes shape in the immune system

Article Abstract:

The physiological T cell activation involves several steps including the initial polarization of the T cell to the formation and termination of the synapse. Data further suggest that T cells secreting different cytokines form different types of synapses. The molecular organization of synapses is discussed.

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Signaling networks: the origins of cellular multitasking

Article Abstract:

This review discusses the organization of a general signaling network operating for receiving signals from receptors and transmitting to cell type-specific machinery as shown in T cells and cells of the postsynaptic region of glutamatergic synapses.

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