Article Abstract:
The production of Guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp) and guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-monophosphate (ppGp) during antibiotic production in Streptomyces clavuligerus corresponds to levels of nitrogen available to the cells. S. clavuligerus produces cephamycin C under all nutrient limitations but produces clavulanic acid under phosphate and carbon limitations only. ppGpp is found in less amounts in all fermentations unlike ppGp. No ppGp is produced due to the degradation of ppGpp. Thus, ppGp may be involved in the regulation of cephamycin production in S. clavuligerus.
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Article Abstract:
A study was conducted to identify the att attachment sites involved in the integration of the bacteriophage VWB into the Streptomyces venezuelae ETH14630 chromosome. The nucleotide sequence analysis of the attachment sites, attP, attB, attL and attR, showed a 45 bp common core sequence. An open reading frame encoding a 427 aa protein was discovered next to the VWB attP. Also, an integrative factor was developed termed as pKT02 which was vital in the Streptomyces species in the event that a suitable tRNA gene can be used as an integration site.
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Article Abstract:
Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 was subjected to LCM broth, which was a nutritionally weak medium, for long periods to determine the ability of bacteria to undergo forward mutations to antibiotic resistance. Results show that mutations to antibiotic resistance in l. plantarum ATCC 8014 can take place in the absence of measurable cell division. Furthermore, results support the claim that starved bacteria in stationary phase can be genetically dynamic.
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