Article Abstract:
Sixty one strains of Pichia kluyveri gathered from a broad geographic range across the US were tested for their ability to kill 71 other strains of yeast. The results showed that 69% of the P. kluyveri strains displayed killing activity. Genetic analysis showed that the variability in killer activity within localities is similar to the variablity across the continent, indicating that the species is polymorphic for killer types. Furthermore, the killer phenotype is controlled by several epistatic nuclear genes. There is evidence to suggest that killer toxin production has a role in exclusion of other yeast from particular habitats.
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Article Abstract:
The results of C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the metabolic end products of growth and the detection of dehydrogenase activities involved in the conversion of succinate to 4-hydroxybutanoate (succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase and 4-hydroxybutanoate dehydrogenase) support a pathway of succinate fermentation to acetate and butanoate in clostridium kluyveri. Succinate is used by C. kluyveri as an electron acceptor for the reducing equivalents generated from the ATP producing oxidation of ethanol.
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Article Abstract:
A sample of chikuwa fish emitting a petroleum-like odor was analyzed by gas chromatography, and showed the presence of styrene. Microbiological procedures were able to isolate two strains of Pichia carsonii designated as CHI and ITA. Further biochemical analysis revealed that styrene was formed by CHI and ITA from cinnamic acid contained in food additive P. Since the yeast was also isolated from a cold room, it was concluded that the food was contaminated during the thawing process.
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