Genotyping and pathogenicity of viral hemorrhagic speticemia virus from free-living turbot (Psetta maxima) in a Turkish costal area of the Black sea

Article Abstract:

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) isolation was performed with free-living and cultured turbot (Psetta maxima) in the Trabzon coastal area of the Black sea to evaluate participation of VHSV in mass mortalities of seed-produced turbot larvae. The mass mortality at a rate of approximately 90% occurred in turbot larvae produced by experimental seeding, although VSHV was not detected in any dead sea. It was concluded that the mass mortality in the seed-produced turbot larvae was not caused by VHSV infection.

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The single wing-flick display of the Black-capped Chickadee

Article Abstract:

Single wing-flick displays are a means of communication in Black-capped Chickadee (Parus atricapillus), and occur when the bird is in close proximity to another higher ranking bird. The wing flick increases the apparent size of the Chickadee which helps it to prevent the attack. The wing flicks are given by both males and females. The wing flick display in the higher ranked and the lower ranked members of the flock differ by 5.86 positions.

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Subspecific affinity of black bears in the White River National Wildlife Refuge

Article Abstract:

Genetic variation in the White River National Wildlife Refuge amongst populations of black bears was studied to evaluate subspecific affinity.

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