Article Abstract:
A study of the role of retinoic acid receptor-gamma in the mouse is presented. The study protocol involved the generation of null mutant mice for retinoic acid receptor (RAR) gamma-2 or all RAR-gamma isoforms. The results showed that RAR-gamma-2 mutants appeared normal, whereas RAR-gamma mutants exhibited growth deficiency, early lethality and squamous metaplasia of the seminal vesicles and prostate leading to male sterility. These results suggest that the expression of at least one functional RAR-gamma isoform is sufficient for normal physiology development in mice, and that there is a high degree of functional redundancy among the RARs.
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Article Abstract:
Genetic studies using null mutations and negative receptors show that the retinoid acid receptors, which are nonsteroid nuclear receptors, control the development of the skin, eye, limbs and reproductive organs. In vivo RARs exert their effect by forming heterodimers with the retinoid X receptors. The activity of the receptors cannot be determined accurately if the null mutations are lethal. The physiological functions of other nonsteroid nuclear receptors is discussed.
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Article Abstract:
The Ada complex at least partially mediates the ligand-dependent transactivation of the retinoid X and estrogen receptors in yeast. The Ada3 subunit binds directly with the holoreceptor ligand-binding domain. The details of the binding and transcription are analyzed.
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