Feed deprivation affects crop environment and modulates Salmonella enteritidis colonization and invasion of leghorn hens

Article Abstract:

Changes in the microenvironment of a crop caused by feed deprivation are significant regulators of the survival of Salmonella enteritidis and influence the susceptibility of molted hens to S enteritidis infections. This was gleaned from a study of the physiological changes in the crop associated with molt induced by feed withdrawal. Results showed that feed withdrawal alters the microenvironment of the crop by causing substantial reductions in the Lactobacillus population and in lactate and total volatile fatty acid concentrations and an increase in pH. Such changes of the crop environment were found to be accompanied by increased S enteritidis colonization of the crop and cecum with invasion of the spleen and liver.

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Occurrence of airborne bacteria and pathogen indicators during land application of sewage sludge

Article Abstract:

Glass impingers used to detect the presence of sludge-derived airborne bacteria and pathogen indicators show that sludge application sites contain no airborne Clostridium spp., somatic coliphages, fecal coliforms, or fecal streptococci. The concentration of airborne heterotrophic bacteria is 10 to the fifth power CFU/cu m. Hydrogen sulfide producers and pathogenic clostridia occur on the sites where there is physical agitation of the sludge material. A 16S-23S interspacer region used in PCR-based ribotyping shows that the airborne and the sludge bacteria are genetically distinct.

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Delineating the specific influence of virus isoelectric point and size on virus adsorption and transport through sandy soils

Article Abstract:

Five different spherical bacteriophages with differing isoelectric points were studied to identify the precise effect of viral isoelectric point on viral adsorption onto aquifer sediment material. Smaller phages exhibited maximum effluent concentration/initial concentration values that correlated with their isoelectric points. Viral adsorption was negatively correlated with the isoelectric points of the viruses. These data suggested that isoelectric point of a virus is the predetermining factor controlling viral adsorption within aquifers.

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