Article Abstract:
The occurence of methylotrophic bacteria in mytilid mussels as intracellular symbionts is discussed. Transmission electron microscopy revealed two distinct ultrastructural types of gram negative procaryotic symbionts. The mytilid gillsyielded an enzyme diagnostic of methylotrophs while autotrophy enzymes were absent. Contrast in the water chemistry of mytilids in the mid-Atlantic range and the Pacific vents is ascertained by these findings.
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Article Abstract:
Survival tolerance of hyperthermophilic vent archaea, sulfur-reducing heterotrophs Thermococcus fumicolans and pyrococcus strain GB-D and chemolithoautotrophic methanogen Methanocaldococcus jannaschii to heavy metals like zinc, copper and cobalt and sulfide was tested. Hydrothermal vent archaea could tolerate the toxic metal concentrations in their natural environment due to the chemical speciation of heavy metals with sulfide.
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Article Abstract:
The 16S rRNA gene sequence data suggests that the bacterial symbionts present in the gills of the bivalve Solemya represent two distinct bacterial lineages within gamma-proteobacteria. The sequence data helps to identify the evolutionary origins of the S. terraeregina and S. pusilla symbionts. Direct sequencing of PCR-amplified products from host gill DNA gives a distinct single sequence for each of the symbionts.
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