Escape from "horror autotoxicus": pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmune disease

Article Abstract:

Autoimmune diseases such as 'horror autotoxicus', insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and inflammatory bowel diseases develop due to the disruption of the regulatory mechanisms controlling the autoreactive B and T cells. Major histocompatibility complex class II HLA genes are mainly responsible for PV and IDDM along with other genes. Pathogens play a key role in the disease development through structural homogenetics between a self-protein and a bacterial pathogen protein. The T and B cells respond to antigens other than those causing the diseases to a display determinant spreading process.

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CD8 is critically involved in lymphocyte activation by a T. brucei-released molecule

Article Abstract:

The role of CD8 cells in lymphocyte activation by the lymphocyte triggering factor (TLTF) released by Trypanosoma brucei brucei was examined. During the early stages of T. brucei brucei infection, the parasite releases TLTF to stimulate spleen mononuclear cells (MNCs) to secrete interferon-gamma, which stimulates parasite growth. The study protocol involved the use of a mouse mutant strain which does not express CD8 and of blocking with soluble CD8 or anti-CD8 antibodies. The results showed that TLTF binding to CD8 is essential in triggering the release of interferon-gamma from MNCs.

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Modulation of horizontal gene transfer in pathogenic bacteria by in vivo signals

Article Abstract:

Two cases of diverse pathogen-host systems are investigated. The first is the interaction of Agrobacterium species with plants, while the second is the interaction of Vibrio cholerae with a mammalian host. The signaling process required for DNA transfer in the individual systems is elucidated. The data that can be obtained on host signals that control the expression of bacterial virulence factors and the transfer of DNA elements encoding virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in vivo can be used for advances in therapeutics.

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