Article Abstract:
Fifteen plasma chemical variables for 164 free-living Egyptian Vultures of three age groups and for nine captive adults were obtained to determine the effects of age and captivity on plasma chemistry. Results showed that free-living subadults and adults have the same plasma chemistry values. Nestlings have substantially larger amounts of creatinine, urate, urea, triglycerides, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase compared to both free-living subadults and adults, but have lower levels of glucose and aspartate aminotransferase. Captives also have different blood compositions.
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Article Abstract:
The copulation activities of bearded vultures (Gypaetus barbatus) at nesting areas in the central Pyrenees in northern Catalonia, Spain, were investigated during the period 1993-1995. The results showed that 75% of attempts ended in copulation. Daily bimoda patterns of copulation and low level of opportunities for extra-pair copulations were observed. The high rates of copulation were attributed to the potential risk of extra-pair copulation when the other member of the pair is foraging.
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Article Abstract:
Allozyme analysis of parental and filial blood samples from a population of northern goshawks was undertaken to determine the rate of extra-pair fertilization (EPF) in this largely monogamous, noncolonial, territorial species. Results reveal that the frequency of nestlings sired by EPF is very low, only one in 77 nestlings. These results are consistent with the breeding behavior of northern goshawks.
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