Article Abstract:
Heavy metal ions cause a long acclimation period, decrease biodegradation rates or suppress biodegradation of 2-chlorophenol (2CP) and 3-chlorobenzoate (3CB) in anaerobic bacteria. 3CB degradation is most affected by Cd(II) and Cr(VI) while 2CP is most affected by Cd(II) and Cu(II). Phenol and benzoate are most affected by Cu(II) and Hg(II). Cr(VI) increases degradation of phenol and benzoate while Cd(II) and Cu(II) increase degradation of benzoate and 2CP. Hg(II) produces an acclimation period and then increases 2CP and 3CB degradation. Sublethal levels of metal ions affect degradation of 2CP.
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Article Abstract:
Picloram is a nitrogen heterocyclic chemical used as a broad-spectrum herbicide. The degradative pathway of picloram in anaerobic freshwater sediments was investigated. The results showed that the first step in picloram degradation is its reductive dechlorination to an isomer of dichloro-4-amino-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid. This is followed by a further transformation into a yet unidentified compound which accumulated and resisted further decay.
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Article Abstract:
The ability of microorganisms in sediments from the Atlantic Coastal Plain to biodegrade methoxylated aromatic compounds was examined. It was found that anaerobic O-demethylation activity exists in deep terrestrial formations. An O-demethylating bacterium was isolated, and a H2-CO2-dependent O-demethylation reaction was described. The conversion of syringate to gallate in this isolate occurred in a sequential manner.
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