Article Abstract:
The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) coordinately regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, motility and survival, which are functions also known to be mediated by members of a growing family of MAPK-activated protein kinases. The identities of the MK substrates indicate that they play important roles in diverse biological processes, including mRNA translation, cell proliferation and survival, and the nuclear genomic response to mitogens and cellular stresses.
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Article Abstract:
The double-standard RNA (dsRNA)-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is a very important enzyme, which acts as a mediator of the antiproliferative and antiviral effects exerted by interferons (IFN) and also integrates signals in response to various growth factors, as well as the cellular stresses. A summary of the PKR structure and function, with particular emphasis on the impact of PKR, activation on translation and signal transduction pathways it mediates, is presented.
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Article Abstract:
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) belong to a larger group of nitrogen-activated protein kinase family and act as stress-activated protein kinases in the livers of cycloheximide-challenged rats by phosphorylating and activating the c-Jun transcription factor. A clear insight of the intracellular actions of the JNKs and its substrates, which are often involved in activities like protein degradation, cell movement and signal transduction, is presented.
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