Article Abstract:
Cell membrane traffic is discussed in this review article. Transfer from the ER to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi requires formation of a transport vesicle by a budding event at the donor organelle, the ER, and the later fusion of the carrier at the acceptor organelle, the Golgi. Transport of secretory proteins between distinct organelle compartments is via vesicular carriers. Modern understanding of membrane traffic rests on this concept, but a paradox is created thereby. Underlying mechanisms are controversial although principles governing membrane traffic are now clear. History and future of cell biology are discussed.
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Article Abstract:
X-ray crystal structure of Escherichia coli toxin is discussed Hemolysin E (HlyE) is a novel pore-forming toxin of E. coli and other bacteria. Three-dimensional structure determination of HlyE from E. coli K12 in its putative water-soluble secreted form is reported. So is pore formation in lipid vesicles by electron microscopy. Folding and the nature of HlyE association to form pores in membranes of cells has has been studied.
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Article Abstract:
Two opposing models were discussed which illustrate the separation of cargo from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins. The first model, called the bulk flow model, illustrates the role of retention and retrieval signals in the movement of ER proteins. It also illustrates the transport of peptides as well as expresses bacterial proteins that are not commonly secreted by eukaryotic cells. The second model, meanwhile, illustrates the role of signals in incorporating cargo molecules into budding COPII vesicles.
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