Best viral elution method available for quantification of enteroviruses in sludge by both cell culture and reverse transcription-PCR

Article Abstract:

The two best techniques for extracting enteroviruses from sludge samples are a 10% beef extract solution at pH 9 and sonication, and a 0.3 M NaCl-7% beef extract solution at pH 7.5 followed by Freon treatment. These were two of eight techniques tested against 16 different liquid and solid urban sludge samples.

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Clearance of human-pathogenic viruses from sludge: study of four stabilization processes by real-time reverse transcription-PCR and cell culture

Article Abstract:

An alternative method of genome quantification for all enteroviruses that is applicable to verifying the elimination of viruses in complex samples such as sludges is proposed. The stabilization processes can be checked by virological quality control of sludges with gene amplification and the efficacy of these processes in eliminating viruses was evaluated by comparing enterovirus infectious particle quantities before and after sludge stabilization.

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Detection of infectious enteroviruses, enterovirus genomes, somatic coliphages, and Bacteroides fragilis phages in treated wastewater

Article Abstract:

The applicability of a concentration step for the indication of bacteriophages, enteroviruses and the enterovirus genome in treated wastewater. Somatic coliphages, Bacteroides fragilis phages and the enterovirus genome assessed as detectors of enterovirus contamination. Findings showed that B. fragilis phages are good detectors of enterovirus contamination. Somatic coliphages are poor indicators while the enterovirus genome may be useful if nucleic acid quantity is known and the threshold for the presence of infectious enteroviruses is available.

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