Article Abstract:
Murein hyrolase and holin are two phage-developed proteins that are involve in the bacteriophage lysis of the cells. Holin acts on the cell by forming into oligomers that produce a lesion on the cytoplasmic membrane which enables murein hydrolase to pass through and penetrate the murein layer. This oligomerization of holins is considered the regulated step in lysis process. Murein hydrolase synthesis activity does not develop upon access of this protein to murein layer, but a sole species of membrane proteins develop that result in the disintegration of the cell envelope.
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Article Abstract:
A better understanding of lambda vectors for cloning has opened opportunities for investigators in the modification of the vector to suit the needs of their research. Due to the size of the lambda genome and its highly effective packaging system, it had been made to accomodate a wide array of inserts. Its central dispensable fragment can be replaced by a fragment of heterologous DNA to create replacement vectors. The use of antibody and nucleic acid probes has made screening of libraries constructruced in lambda vectors easy.
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Article Abstract:
The bacterial leader gene and the eukaryotic upstream open reading frame encode peptides that are cis-acting negative regulators of the translation of their ribosomes. The peptides possess less than 25 amino acids and are active before their emergence from the ribosomes. The nascent leader-encoded peptides select the site of ribosome stalling in leader mRNA by interfering with translation. The peptides are rRNA-binding peptides with targets at the peptidyl transferase centre of 23S rRNA.
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