Bactericidal mode of action of plantaricin C

Article Abstract:

Plantaricin C is a pore-forming bacteriocin that causes dissipation of the delta-p on plasma membrane and release of intracellular molecules. Plantaricin C dissipates the proton motive force and inhibits amino acid transport in sensitive cells, while it dissipates the transmembrane electrical potential in proteoliposomes. In liposomes, plantaricin C elicits the efflux of entrapped carboxyfluorescein. Plantaricin C molecules form multipeptide pore complexes by their combined action to allow the passage of large molecules.

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Penicillium chrysogenum takes up the penicillin G precursor phenylacetic acid by passive diffusion

Article Abstract:

The Penicillium chrysogenum, a fungus used to produce penicillin commercially, uses phenylacetic acid (PA) as a side chain precursor in the synthesis of penicillin G. The PA enters the fungal cell via the plasma membrane by passive diffusion of the protonated species. The process of PA passage is studied in mycelia and liposomes. The rate-limiting factor in the biosynthesis of penicillin G is not the influx of PA.

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Sulfur regulation of the sulfate transporter genes sutA and sutB in Penicillium chrysogenum

Article Abstract:

Results show that sulfate is the source of sulfur for the biosynthesis of penicillin in the bacterium. There is a direct relationship between levels of mRNA of the sulfate transporter genes and the sulfate concentration. However, strains exhibiting high-penicillin yield transcribe sutB efficiently in the presence of high sulfate.

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