Article Abstract:
The transformation of fibroblasts and hematopoietic cells by the BCR-ABL oncogene is achieved through activation of different signals in the RAS pathway. The transformation ability of the oncogene depends on its active tyrosine kinase. Mutants in which the SRC homology 2 domain, GRB2-binding site of BCr or the autophosphorylation site of BCR-ABL is inactive are able to transform bone marrow cells but not fibroblasts. The addition of SHC protein, which helps in linking the signals of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase to RAS, increases the transformation ability of this oncogene.
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Article Abstract:
A novel cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, termed B cell progenitor kinase (BPK) was characterized. This enzyme is expressed in all stages of the B lineage and in myeloid cells. It was also found to possess SH1, SH2 and SH3 domains but lack myristylation signals and a regulatory phosphorylation site corresponding to Tyr527 of c-src. Futhermore, BPK was evaluated as a candidate for human X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). The findings demonstrate the BPK is essential to human XLA and B cell growth and development.
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Article Abstract:
A clonally diverse anticipatory repertoire in which each lymphocyte bears a unique antigen receptor is the central feature of adaptive immune system that evolved in vertebrate ancestors. The survival advantage gained through adding this type of adaptive immune system to a pre-existing innate immune system has led to the evolution of alternative ways for lymphocytes to generate diverse antigen receptors for use in recognizing and repelling pathogen invaders.
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