Article Abstract:
The utilization of single strain isogenic derivatives that harbor different phage defense mechanisms in starter culture rotations is discussed. Bacterial strains, plasmids and bacteriophages were derived from a lactococcal single- strain starter culture system, conjugated by agar surface matings and analysed to confirm phage resistance plasmid acquisitions. Starter culture activity test, determination of whey bacteriophage titer and evaluation of starter rotation sequences were also conducted. The capability of the phage defense rotation strategy was successfully demonstrated.
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Article Abstract:
The Lactobacillus johnsonii VPI 11088 groESL operon was localized on the chromosome near the insertion element IS1223. The 2,253-bp groESL fragment contained three putative open reading frames, two of which encoded the ubiquitous GroES and GroEL chaperone proteins. It was observed that a brief, preconditioning heat shock can be employed to trigger increased chaperone production and offer significant cross-protection from the stresses imposed during the production of frozen culture concentrates.
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Article Abstract:
A dynamic environment and diverse interactions with marine plankton is reflected in the genomes in bacterioplankton of the marine Roseobacter clade. It is suggested that a significant fraction of marine bacterioplankton communities together account for 30% of the bacterioplankton in most ocean surface waters.
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