Article Abstract:
One of the long-standing questions in the transforming growth factor [beta] field is answered by identifying a phosphatase, PPM1A that directly dephosphorylates Smad2 and Smad3 to limit their activation. Results reveal that PPM1A affects transcription and biological responses downstream of Smad signaling.
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Article Abstract:
PPM1A/PP2C[alpha] is identified as a bona fide Smad phosphate with the help of a functional genomic approach. It is demonstrated that PPM1A/PP2C[alpha], through dephosphorylation of Smad2/3, plays a critical role in terminating TGF[beta] signaling.
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Article Abstract:
A type 5 protein phosphatase, PAPP5, which acts on a biologically active phytochrome, increasing its stability and affinity for a downstream signal transducer is studied. It is shown to enhance plant photoresponses.
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