Article Abstract:
A fifty-year-old taxonomic issue in grasshopper systematics related to the subfamily Melanoplinae and inclusion of Bohemanella frigida in one of two tribes, the Nearctic-restricted Melanoplini and the Holarctically distributed Podismini, is discussed from the point of view of molecular phylogeography. B. frigida is now thought to belong to Podismini and to have come to North America from Eurasia over the Bering Land Bridge. Results of a molecular phylogenetic study put it in the Melanoplini, as it has been thought to be, from time to time. It would then have the name Melanoplus frigidus and have had a different direction of dispersal across the Bering Land Bridge, making it unique among orthopteran insects.
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Article Abstract:
Gene flow among common crossbill (Loxia curvirostra, Aves, Fringillidae) populations at the continental level is discussed with information about phylogeographical evidence of gene flow. A possibility of rapid local adaptation to fluctuating resources, coniferous seeds, without contributing to development of reproductive morph barriers necessarily is seen in morphological differntiation.
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Article Abstract:
The biogeographical role of the Iberian Peninsula is discussed relative to the evolution of the mitochondrial D-loop region in Palaearctic brown trout populations. The peninsula likely acted as a physical boundary between haplotypes corresponding to Atlantic- and Mediterranean-draining rivers.
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