Article Abstract:
The first complete estimate of the phylogenetic relationships among species of extant and extinct ruminants combining morphological, ethological and molecular information is presented. The supertree for Ruminantia illustrates which areas of ruminant phylogeny are still only roughly known as a result of taxa with controversial relationships and it represents the best current estimate of relationships of ruminants.
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Article Abstract:
Nine principal mechanisms that generate positive species-energy relationships at the macro scale are identified and clarified. The assumptions and applicability over a range of spatial scales are critically assessed, predictions for each are derived and the evidence that supports them is assessed.
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Article Abstract:
The mediterranean climate, vegetation, phenology and ecophysiology relevant to the tree-ring formation in mediterranean regions are reviewed. The classification of tree-ring formation in mediterranean environments is presented.
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