Article Abstract:
Early nineteenth-century Scandinavian students began a small movement calling for greater political participation and raised both interest and fear among the ruling establishment. Though the movement consisted mostly of young, middle-class, students holding peaceful demonstrations in public places, Scandinavian monarchs and the Russian czar made efforts to monitor and stop them. The success of the movement can largely be credited with technological advances in travel and subsequent improvements in communication.
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Article Abstract:
A darkening of the sky through dust in 536 may have caused Scandinavian rulers to create hoards of gold. Sacrificing gold was a traditional custom in times of stress, although this period did not see the end of either Scandinavian society or religion.
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Article Abstract:
The article describes a roughly oval stone in 10 fragments with inscriptions that may date to the 5th century. Possible multiple uses for the stone and languages of its inscriptions are discussed.
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