Moroccan Gnawa and transglobal trance

Article Abstract:

Gnawa are considered to be as ritual musicians from Sub-Saharan Africa, who were brought to Morocco as slaves in the 15th and 16th century. A metonymic relation exists between the state of being possessed by a spirit and the historical state of being possessed by an owner.

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Visionary plants and Ecstatic Shamanism

Article Abstract:

The origination of hallucinogens and antiquity of plant that triggers of Shamanic ecstasy was firmly established. This ritual intoxication practice was also shared by a number of tribes in the southern Plains, that died out in the last quarter of the 19th century.

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Read my lips... ears, nose, head, and teeth: interpreting permanent bodily ornaments

Article Abstract:

A intentional is considered as an opportunity for learning about cultures over time and space. The bioarchaelogical of the non-western writing systems, like that produced by the Maya is discussed.

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